Galatians 4:23

Was born [γ ε γ ε ν ν η τ α ι]. Has been born, or is born : perfect tense, treating the historical fact as if present.

After the flesh [κ α τ α σ α ρ κ α]. According to the regular course of nature. Very common in Paul.

By promise [δ ι ε π α γ γ ε λ ι α ς]. Most editors retain the article, the promise of Genesis 17:16; Genesis 17:19; Genesis 18:10. Comp. Romans 9:9. In virtue of the promise; for according to natural conditions he would not have been born.