Wherein hast thou loved us?] i.e. 'Wherein hast thou shewn thy love?' So in Malachi 1:3, I hated Esau means 'I have shewn myself hostile to Esau' 'Esau' and 'Jacob' here stand for the nations Edom and Israel, not for the patriarMalachi

3. The desolation of Edom here referred to had been already adduced by an unknown prophet (Isaiah 63) as a proof of Jehovah's care for Israel. Edom was devastated by an invasion of Arabs who for more than a century had been pressing into Palestine: cp. Ezekiel 25:4; Ezekiel 25:10. Dragons] RV 'jackals.'

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