Matthew 10:3

Philip] John 1:44; John 6:5; John 12:21; John 14:8.

Bartholomew] i.e. Nathanael of Cana of Galilee: see John 1:45; John 21:2.

Thomas] see John 11:16; John 14:5; John 20:24; John 21:2. There is a tradition that his real name was 'Judas.'

Matthew the publican] see Intro, and on Matthew 9:9. St. Mark calls him 'Levi.'

James the son of Alphæus] lit. 'James of Alphaeus.' Called James 'the less,' or rather 'the little,' Mark 15:40. His mother was named Mary. He is not to be identified with James the Lord's 'brother,' who became head of the Church of Jerusalem, nor is his father Alphæus with Clopas (John 19:25), nor His mother Mary with the Virgin's sister (John 19:25): see further on Matthew 12:46; John 19:25.

Lebbæus, whose surname was Thaddæus] He is the same as the 'Judas of James' (Luke 6:16), and the 'Judas not Iscariot' (John 14:22). Thaddæus is perhaps a form of 'Theudas,' and is, therefore, Greek. Lebbæus is Aramaic, but its meaning is unknown. Some regard it is a form of 'Levi.' Although Westcott and Hort reject Lebbæs from the text of this passage, it is supported by excellent authorities, and it is hard to account for its insertion, if it is not genuine.