Rod (maqqel, maTTeh, shebheT; rhabdos): Little distinction can be drawn between the Hebrew words used for "rod" and "staff." Maqqel is the word used in Genesis 30:37 ff for the twigs of poplar put by Jacob before his sheep, and in Jeremiah 1:11 of the "rod of an almond-tree." MaTTeh is used of a rod in the hand, as the "rods" of Moses and of Aaron (Exodus 4:2, Exodus 7:9, etc.). ShebheT is used, but sometimes also maTTeh, of the rod used for correction (Exodus 21:20, 2 Samuel 7:14, Proverbs 10:13, Proverbs 13:24, Isaiah 10:5, etc.). In Psalms 23:4 ("Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me"), however, shebheT is the shepherd's rod, figurative of divine guidance and care. In Ezekiel 21:10, Ezekiel 21:13, the word stands for the royal scepter. In the New Testament "rod" is used of a rod of correction (1 Corinthians 4:21), Aaron's rod (Hebrews 9:4), a ruler's rod "of iron" (severity, as in Revelation 2:27, Revelation 12:5, Revelation 19:15), a measuring rod (Revelation 11:1).
See also ARMOR, ARMS.
James Orr