Zeal an earnest temper; may be enlightened (Numbers 25:11-13; 2 Corinthians 7:11; 2 Corinthians 1:9), or ignorant and misdirected (Romans 10:2; Philippians 3:6). As a Christian grace, it must be grounded on right principles and directed to right ends (Galatians 4:18). It is sometimes ascribed to God (2 Kings 19:31; Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 1:37; Ezekiel 5:13).