ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν κ.τ.λ. “It is a matter of life and death to the Apostle to prove his independence of the twelve” (Jowett). St Paul’s asseveration refers primarily to what he has already stated about his true relation to them, but naturally its force is carried on to his following words also.

ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ. 1 Timothy 6:13; 2 Timothy 2:14; 2 Timothy 4:1. Cf. Romans 1:9.

ὅτι. “This has no regular construction. It depends upon the idea, ‘I declare,’ ‘I asseverate,’ contained in ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ” (Jowett).

οὐ ψεύδομαι. Romans 9:1; 2 Corinthians 11:31; 1 Timothy 2:7.

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Old Testament