Luke 3:1-9
Luke 3:1-9. BAPTISM AND PREACHING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST... [ Continue Reading ]
Luke 3:1-9. BAPTISM AND PREACHING OF JOHN THE BAPTIST... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ἜΤΕΙ ΔῈ ΠΕΝΤΕΚΑΙΔΕΚΆΤΩΙ ΤΗ͂Σ ἩΓΕΜΟΝΊΑΣ ΤΙΒΕΡΊΟΥ ΚΑΊΣΑΡΟΣ. St Luke here gives a sixfold intimation of the date,—a method characteristic of his learned and careful research. If the accession of Tiberius be dated from the death of Augustus, Aug. 19, A.U.C. 767, this would make our Lord _thirty-two_... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠῚ�. אABCD. This is the more difficult reading, and possibly for that very reason it may have been altered into the less attested ἐπ' ἀρχιερέων. 2. ἘΠῚ�. ‘In the high-priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,’ for the true reading is undoubtedly ἀρχιερέως (אABCDE, &c.). A similar expression occurs in Acts... [ Continue Reading ]
ἮΛΘΕΝ. St Luke alone mentions the mission journeys of John the Baptist; the other Evangelists, whose narratives (Matthew 3:1-12; Mark 1:1-8; John 1:15; John 1:28) should be carefully compared with that of St Luke, describe how the multitudes “came streaming forth” to him. ΠΑ͂ΣΑΝ ΤῊΝ ΠΕΡΊΧΩΡΟΝ ΤΟΥ͂ Ἰ... [ Continue Reading ]
ἩΣΑΪ́ΟΥ ΤΟΥ͂ ΠΡΟΦΉΤΟΥ. Isaiah 40:3. [ΛΈΓΟΝΤΟΣ.] This word should be omitted with אBDL, &c. ΦΩΝΉ. ‘A voice.’ The Hebrew original may be rendered “Hark, one crieth.” St Luke does not follow the other Synoptists in the identification of John with the promised Elias (Matthew 17:13; Mark 9:13). ΒΟΩ͂Ν... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΑ͂ΣΑ ΦΆΡΑΓΞ. Isaiah 40:4. The word occurs in Jdt 2:8 but not again in the N. T. The metaphor is derived from pioneers who go before the march of a king. There is a remarkable parallel in Josephus (_B. J._ III. 6, § 2), where he is describing the march of Vespasian, and says that among his vanguard... [ Continue Reading ]
ὌΨΕΤΑΙ ΠΑ͂ΣΑ ΣᾺΡΞ ΤῸ ΣΩΤΉΡΙΟΝ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂. St Luke alone adds these words to the quotation, and his doing so is characteristic of his object, which was to bring out the universality of the Gospel. See Luke 2:10; Luke 24:47, and Introd. p. xxiv. “The salvation” is τὸ σωτήριον, as in Luke 2:30. When th... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΙ͂Σ ὌΧΛΟΙΣ, ‘to the multitudes.’ Different crowds came from different directions, Matthew 3:5; Mark 1:5. This discourse falls into three sections (1) the warning (7–9); (2) the practical exhortation (10–14); (3) the Announcement of the Messiah (15–17). ΓΕΝΝΉΜΑΤΑ ἘΧΙΔΝΩ͂Ν, ‘broods of vipers.’ They... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΟΙΉΣΑΤΕ. The verb implies instant effort. “Produce _at once_.” ΜῊ ἌΡΞΗΣΘΕ ΛΈΓΕΙΝ. He cuts off even all _attempt_ at self-excuse. ‘Do not allow yourselves to say.’ The ἄρξησθε is almost like ‘Do not harp on the old boast’ (_Das alte Lied anfangen_). St Matthew has μὴ δόξητε, ‘do not deceive yoursel... [ Continue Reading ]
ἬΔΗ … ΚΕΙ͂ΤΑΙ. Literally, ‘_already lies_.’ The notion is that of a woodman touching a tree (πρὸς) with the edge of his axe to measure his blow before he lifts his arm for the sweep which fells it. ΜῊ ΠΟΙΟΥ͂Ν, _if it produce not_. The μὴ points to a condition. ἘΚΚΌΠΤΕΤΑΙ ΚΑῚ ΕἸΣ ΠΥ͂Ρ ΒΆΛΛΕΤΑΙ. Lite... [ Continue Reading ]
10, 12, 14. ΠΟΙΉΣΩΜΕΝ is better supported than ποιήσομεν. Gr[70] La[71] Ti[72] [70] Gr. Griesbach. [71] La. Lachmann. [72] Ti. Tischendorf. 10. ΤΊ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ΠΟΙΉΣΩΜΕΝ; ‘What then are we to do?’ (Deliberative subjunctive). Compare the question of the multitude to Peter on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:3... [ Continue Reading ]
ANSWER OF THE BAPTIST TO THE MULTITUDE... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὁ ἜΧΩΝ ΔΎΟ ΧΙΤΩ͂ΝΑΣ. St Luke alone preserves for us the details in this interesting section. Beyond the single upper garment (χιτών, _ketoneth_), and garment (ἱμάτιον) and girdle, no other article of dress was necessary. A second ‘tunic’ or _ketoneth_ was a mere luxury, so long as thousands were too... [ Continue Reading ]
10, 12, 14. ΠΟΙΉΣΩΜΕΝ is better supported than ποιήσομεν. Gr[70] La[71] Ti[72] [70] Gr. Griesbach. [71] La. Lachmann. [72] Ti. Tischendorf. 12. ΤΕΛΩ͂ΝΑΙ, ‘tax-gatherers’ (without the article). The English word ‘publican’ is a corruption of the Latin _publicani_ ‘farmers of the taxes.’ The Roman gov... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΗΔῈΝ ΠΛΈΟΝ … ΠΡΆΣΣΕΤΕ. The verb πράσσω (like πρᾶξις, see Luke 23:51; Colossians 3:9, &c.) is often used in a bad sense (Luke 23:41; John 3:2, &c.). The _immodestia_ (i.e. the extravagant greed) of the publicans was their habitual sin, and later historians often allude to their cruel exactions (Caes... [ Continue Reading ]
10, 12, 14. ΠΟΙΉΣΩΜΕΝ is better supported than ποιήσομεν. Gr[70] La[71] Ti[72] [70] Gr. Griesbach. [71] La. Lachmann. [72] Ti. Tischendorf. 14. ἘΠΗΡΏΤΩΝ ΔῈ ΑΥ̓ΤΌΝ, ‘asked him.’ The imperfect tense however (as before in Luke 3:10) implies that such questions were put to him by bodies of soldiers in... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΩ͂ΝΤΟΣ. The Messianic expectations of the day had reached the Gentiles, many of whom even at Rome and in high society were proselytes, or half proselytes, to Judaism. ΔΙΑΛΟΓΙΖΟΜΈΝΩΝ. ‘While they were reasoning.’ Vulg[79] _cogitantibus omnibus_. [79] Vulg. Vulgate. ΜΉΠΟΤΕ ΑΥ̓ΤῸΣ ΕἼ Ὁ ΧΡΙΣΤΌ... [ Continue Reading ]
THE MESSIANIC ANNOUNCEMENT. IMPRISONMENT OF JOHN... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΠΕΚΡΊΝΑΤΟ. The answer, as we find from John 1:19-28, was given in its most definite form to a Pharisaic deputation of Priests and Levites, who were despatched by the Sanhedrin expressly to ask him to define his claims. Ὁ ἸΣΧΥΡΌΤΕΡΌΣ ΜΟΥ. ‘The stronger than I’ (comp. Luke 8:27). ΛΥ͂ΣΑΙ. St Mark ad... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤῸ ΠΤΎΟΝ. ‘Winnowing-fan.’ The Latin _vannus_, a great shovel with which corn was thrown up against the wind to separate it from the chaff. ἍΛΩΝΑ. ‘Threshing-floor.’ The word is the same as that from which our _halo_ is derived, since the threshing-floors of the ancients were circular. ΕἸΣ ΤῊΝ�. C... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΟΛΛᾺ ΜῈΝ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ΚΑῚ ἝΤΕΡΑ. Literally, ‘_Many things too, different from these_;’ of which some are recorded by St John alone (Luke 1:29; Luke 1:34; Luke 3:27-36). ΕΥ̓ΗΓΓΕΛΊΖΕΤΟ. Literally, ‘_he was preaching the Good Tidings_.’ With the phrase εὐηγγελίζετο τὸν λαόν compare Acts 8:25; Acts 8:40; Acts... [ Continue Reading ]
19. The addition of Φιλίππου after γυναικὸς is a gloss, though a correct one, in AC. It is omitted in אBD and by the recent editors. 19. Ὁ ΔῈ ἩΡΏΔΗΣ Ὁ ΤΕΤΡΆΡΧΗΣ. The incident which follows is here introduced by anticipation, that the subsequent narrative may not be disturbed. We find similar anticip... [ Continue Reading ]
ΠΡΟΣΈΘΗΚΕΝ ΚΑῚ ΤΟΥ͂ΤΟ ἘΠῚ ΠΑ͂ΣΙΝ. ‘_Added this also to all his crimes_.’ The Jews as well as St Luke regarded the treatment of the Baptist by Antipas as the worst of his crimes, and the cause of his subsequent defeat and disgrace (Jos. _Antt._ XVIII. 5, 1–4). ΚΑΤΈΚΛΕΙΣΕΝ. The sentences are simply p... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΝ ΤΩ͂Ι ΒΑΠΤΙΣΘΗ͂ΝΑΙ ἍΠΑΝΤΑ ΤῸΝ ΛΑΌΝ. ‘_When all the people had been baptized_,’ not ‘were being baptized’ as Meyer renders it. Or we may explain the baptism of all the people as _one circumstance_, and render ‘on the baptism of all the people.’ The expression (which is peculiar to St Luke) seems to... [ Continue Reading ]
THE BAPTISM OF JESUS. THE GENEALOGY... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑΤΑΒΗ͂ΝΑΙ. This was seen by John the Baptist (John 1:34) and by Jesus (Mark 1:10), but not (apparently) by others. ΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΩ͂Ι ΕἼΔΕΙ. This addition is peculiar to St Luke, and is probably added to shew the distinctness and reality of what Theodoret calls the ‘spiritual vision’ (πνευματικὴ θεωρία).... [ Continue Reading ]
ΑΥ̓ΤΌΣ. For another instance of this distinctive and emphatic αὐτὸς see Luke 1:22; Matthew 3:4. ἮΝ … ἈΡΧΌΜΕΝΟΣ ὩΣΕῚ ἘΤΩ͂Ν ΤΡΙΆΚΟΝΤΑ. ‘Was about thirty years of age on beginning (His work).’ So it was understood by Tyndale, but the A.V[80] followed Cranmer, and the Geneva. The translation of our A. V... [ Continue Reading ]
EXCURSUS II THE DOUBLE GENEALOGIES OF CHRIST AS THE SON OF DAVID The general facts are these: (i) The genealogy of our Lord in St Matthew _descends from Abraham_ to Jesus, in accordance with his object in writing mainly for the Jews. The genealogy in St Luke _ascends from Jesus to Adam_, and to G... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂ ἸΩΒΉΔ. א, La[73] Ti[74] [73] La. Lachmann. [74] Ti. Tischendorf.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂ ἈΜΙΝΑΔΆΒ. Omitted by D and by W.H[75] [75] W.H. Westcott and Hort. ΤΟΥ͂ ἈΡΝΕΊ. א reads Ἀδάμ. BL, Ti[76] W.[77]. read τοῦ Ἀδμεὶν τοῦ Ἀρνεί. [76] Ti. Tischendorf. [77] W.H Westcott and Hort.... [ Continue Reading ]