Revelation 2:23

γνώσονται πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι. Cf. All flesh shall know, Isaiah 49:26; All flesh shall see, Isaiah 40:5; Ezekiel 20:48. “All the Churches” though less extensive than “all flesh” (cf. John 17:2, and for the limitation John 14:22) must still be taken as widely as possible, it means not merely all the seven Churches of Asia but “all the churches in the world,” hardly as Alford adds “to the end of time.” We know nothing (and have no reason to think St Irenæus knew more) of either the repentance or the punishment of the children of Jezebel.

ὁ ἐραυνῶν. Compare καρδίας ἐτάζει Κύρ. 1 Chronicles 28:9, ὁ ἐτάζων καρδίας 1 Chronicles 29:17, ἐτάζων καρδίας καὶ νεφροὺς Psalms 7:9 (10), πύρωσον τοὺς νεφρούς μου καὶ τὴν καρδίαν μου Psalms 6:2, δοκιμάζων νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας Jeremiah 11:20, ἐτάζων καρδίας καὶ δοκιμάζων νεφροὺς Jeremiah 17:10, συνιῶν νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας Jeremiah 20:12, ὁ ἐραυνῶν τὰς καρδίας Romans 8:27. The last passage suggests a common origin apart from the LXX. for a phrase which no doubt is ultimately derived from the Psalms and was almost proverbial in the Apostolic age.