Romans 13:11

καὶ τοῦτο, cf. 1 Corinthians 6:6; 1 Corinthians 6:8; Ephesians 2:8; cf. καὶ ταῦτα, Hebrews 11:12; resumes with emphasis the whole exhortation.

εἰδότες. Cf. Luke 12:56; Mark 13:33 = realising the character of the present period and its demands upon you.

τὸν καιρόν. Cf. 1 Corinthians 7:29; Ephesians 5:16; 1 Peter 4:17; Revelation 1:3; Revelation 22:10; Luke 21:8; almost technical for the period before the Second Coming, S. H.

ὅτι explains the characteristics which they ought to realise.

ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι. ὕπνος metaph. only here; cf. Ephesians 5:7-14. Here the contrast is not with the heathen state, but of the awakened and alert spirit with the sleeping and inert: a warning against acquiescence in the present. Giff. cf[262] Matthew 25:1 f.; perh. cf. 1 Corinthians 11:30.

[262] confert

ἡ σωτηρία. Cf. Romans 5:9; 1 Peter 1:5; 1 Thessalonians 5:8-9. It is not always clear whether the word is used of the present state in which the Christian is by faith: or the final state which is the object of his hope and is brought about by the Second Coming. Here the context decides for the latter.

ἐπιστεύσαμεν. We became believers—a good instance of the ‘ingressive’ aorist; cf. Moulton p. 129 f.; cf. [Mk] Romans 16:16; Acts 2:44; Acts 19:2; 1 Corinthians 3:5; 1 Corinthians 15:2; Galatians 2:16; Ephesians 1:13; Hebrews 4:3.