Exodus 9:1-4
The announcement to the Pharaoh, worded analogously to those of the second and fourth plagues (Exodus 8:1-4; Exodus 8:20-23, both J).... [ Continue Reading ]
The announcement to the Pharaoh, worded analogously to those of the second and fourth plagues (Exodus 8:1-4; Exodus 8:20-23, both J).... [ Continue Reading ]
_Then_ Heb. simply AND.... [ Continue Reading ]
Exodus 7:14 to Exodus 11:5 _The first nine Plagues_ The narrative of the Plagues, like that of the preceding Chapter s, is composite. The details of the analysis depend partly upon literary criteria, partly upon differences in the representation, which are not isolated, but recurrent, and which mo... [ Continue Reading ]
The _fifth_plague. The murrain on cattle. Entirely J.... [ Continue Reading ]
_cattle_ lit. _possessions_, commonly used of possessions in sheep and oxen (Exodus 12:38; Genesis 47:14), but including here other animals as well. _camels_ Camels were not used, or bred, in ancient Egypt, nor do they appear -in any inscription or painting before the Greek period" (Erman, p. 493;... [ Continue Reading ]
The land of Goshen is again, as in the case of the plague of flies (Exodus 8:22 f.), to be immune from the visitation.... [ Continue Reading ]
_To-morrow_ cf. Exodus 8:23.... [ Continue Reading ]
_all the cattle_ unless there is a real inconsistency in the narrative, the -all" must not be pressed, but understood (as often in Heb.) merely to denote such a large number that those which remain may be disregarded (Keil); for cattle belonging to the Egyptians are mentioned afterwards, _vv._19 21,... [ Continue Reading ]
_was stubborn_ lit. _heavy_; the word regularly used by J (_v._34, Exodus 7:14; Exodus 8:15; Exodus 8:32; Exodus 10:1).... [ Continue Reading ]
_Take to you your_ TWO HANDS _full of_ SOOT _from a_ KILN. The _kibshân_(also _v._10, Genesis 19:28; Exodus 19:18), different from both the -oven" of ch. Exodus 8:3, and the _kûr_, or furnace for smelting metals in (Deuteronomy 4:20; Ezekiel 22:20; Proverbs 17:3), was a KILN for baking pottery or bu... [ Continue Reading ]
The _sixth_plague. The boils on men and cattle. Entirely P.... [ Continue Reading ]
_become fine dust_, &c. i.e. be dispersed in the air over the whole land in the shape of fine dust, which settling down on men and cattle, will produce boils. For _"âbâḳ_, fine, flying dust, cf. Isaiah 5:24; Isaiah 29:5. _a boil, breaking out_(Leviticus 13:12; Leviticus 13:20; Leviticus 13:25) _into... [ Continue Reading ]
The SOOT OF A KILN, and TOSSED _it_for -sprinkled it up," as _v._8.... [ Continue Reading ]
The magicians (Exodus 7:11; Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:7; Exodus 8:18-19) this time are not only not able to imitate the plague, but are themselves attacked by it.... [ Continue Reading ]
As Exodus 7:13; Exodus 7:22 b, Exodus 8:15 b, Exodus 8:19 b) (all P). The result, as foretold in Exodus 7:4 a (P). On God's -hardening" Pharaoh's heart, see p. 53 f.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Rise up early_, &c. cf. Exodus 8:20.... [ Continue Reading ]
The _seventh_plague. The hail. From J, with short passages, probably, from E. 13, 17 18. The announcement of the plague: cf. Exodus 8:1-3; Exodus 8:20-23; Exodus 9:1-4.... [ Continue Reading ]
The announcement of the plague (_vv._13, 17 18) is interrupted by a passage, intended evidently (Di.) to explain why, when so many plagues have produced no impression upon the Pharaoh, God continues to send fresh ones upon him: He does so in order to extort from him the recognition of Himself, and t... [ Continue Reading ]
_this time … all my plagues_ The two expressions seem hardly consistent: -this time" shews that the hail is referred to, while -all my plagues" points to much more than a single plague. J writes as a rule so clearly that the inconsistency is urged as one reason for supposing that _vv._14 16 are not... [ Continue Reading ]
_For now_, &c. -had put forth" is hypothetical: _For_ ELSE (i.e. except for the motive just stated) _I_ SHOULD NOW HAVE _put forth_, &c., would express the sense more clearly. _hadst_ i.e. _wouldest have been_.... [ Continue Reading ]
_made thee to stand_ i.e. _maintained thee alive_, the causative of to -stand" in the sense of to _continue_, ch. Exodus 21:21; Psalms 102:28 [Heb. 27]. The same sense is expressed by the paraphrase of LXX. _thou wast preserved_(διετηρήθης). St Paul quotes this verse in Romans 9:17, in his argument... [ Continue Reading ]
_exaltest thyself_ A peculiar word, found only here. The root means _to cast up a way_(Isaiah 57:14; Isaiah 62:10); and the Heb. words for -Siege- _mound_," and -high-way" (properly, a - _raised_way"), are derived from it; hence the meaning seems properly to be, - _raisest thyself up as a mound_(or... [ Continue Reading ]
_to-morrow_ as _vv._5, 6. Comp. on Exodus 8:23. _grievous_ i.e. _severe_: see on Exodus 8:24.... [ Continue Reading ]
Advice to the Pharaoh, and, implicitly (cf. _vv._20, 21), to his servants as well, to bring their cattle quickly into safety. The advice gives the Pharaoh an opportunity of shewing what his frame of mind is, according as he follows or disregards the advice. According to _v._6 the Egyptians had indee... [ Continue Reading ]
How the Pharaoh's servants i.e. his courtiers and minister act in consequence. 22, 23A (E). The hail comes at the signal given by Moses with his rod. The rod in _Moses_" hand is a mark of E: see on Exodus 4:17. 23A. _sent thunder_ lit. _gave_ VOICES. -Voices" is a common expression in Heb. for -thu... [ Continue Reading ]
_fire mingled with the hail_ lit. -fire _taking hold of itself in the midst of_the hail," i.e. forming a continuous stream in it, paraphrased on the marg. by _flashing continually amidst_. The same expression recurs in Ezekiel 1:4 -a great cloud, with a fire _taking hold of itself_" (AV., RV. _infol... [ Continue Reading ]
The destruction wrought by the hail.... [ Continue Reading ]
The same exception, in the case of Goshen, as Exodus 8:22; Exodus 9:4; Exodus 9:7.... [ Continue Reading ]
The Pharaoh this time, impressed, it may be supposed, by the spectacle of the storm, confesses his fault, as he has never done before. His penitence, however, as the sequel shews, is not very deep. _I have sinned_ Exodus 10:16. _righteous … wicked_ rather, _the_(with the art.) _one in the right …... [ Continue Reading ]
The Pharaoh craves a third time (see Exodus 8:8; Exodus 8:28) for a cessation of the plague.... [ Continue Reading ]
_Intreat_ Exodus 8:8; Exodus 8:28; Exodus 10:17. _mighty thunderings_ Heb. _voices_(_v._23) _of God_. The addition, -of God," does sometimes imply worthy to belong to God, i.e. mighty or noble (Genesis 23:6; Numbers 24:6; Psalms 36:6; Psalms 68:15 RV., Psalms 80:10;... [ Continue Reading ]
_spread abroad my hands_ The attitude of prayer: _v._33, 1 Kings 8:22; 1 Kings 8:38 _al._ that thou mayest know, &c. cf. Exodus 8:10, with the note.... [ Continue Reading ]
_that ye_ DO _not yet_ FEAR BEFORE (Haggai 1:12) JEHOVAH _God_ that ye do not yet really stand in awe of Him, so as to grant Israel's release. The meaning is not -fear God" in a religious sense, but -fear _before_" Him, be afraid of Him. JEHOVAH _God_ The addition -God" (not in LXX. however) emphas... [ Continue Reading ]
A supplementary notice, which interrupts the connexion between _vv._29f. and 33, stating, more explicitly than _v._25b, what crops had suffered in the fields. On account of the information on Egyptian matters which it contains, the notice is referred by Di. and others to E. In Egypt, according to a... [ Continue Reading ]
_spelt_ -bread made from spelt is frequently found in Egyptian tombs" (Lepsius, in a private letter to Dillmann). -Spelt" (Isaiah 28:25; Ezekiel 4:9 †) is a cereal closely allied to wheat, which it much resembles (_NHB._479; and, with fuller particulars, _EB._ii. 1532). LXX. ὄλυρα; Aq. Sym. ζέα. _w... [ Continue Reading ]
_hardened his heart_ MADE _his heart_ STUBBORN (lit. _heavy_), J's regular word: see on Exodus 7:13. 35 (E). _was hardened waxed strong_(or _firm_), the word used by E: cf. Exodus 10:20; Exodus 10:27; Exodus 4:21 b. _as_ JEHOVAH _had spoken_ This is P's formula (Exodus 7:13; Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:1... [ Continue Reading ]