Judges 2:20-22

These verses are clearly not the sequel of Judges 2:11; Judges 2:20 continues Judges 2:13 (see note); the opening words repeat Judges 2:14; the nations in Judges 2:21 are not on the frontiers, round aboutIsrael (Judges 2:14), but those left by Joshua in the midst of Israel; they are spared not only to punish Israel's sin, but to test its loyalty. The change of view indicates a different hand: Judges 2:20 seem to come from E; the source of Judges 2:22 is not so evident, D (Moore, Nowack), half E and half D (Budde), a later gloss (Lagrange). The three verses have been worked over and expanded in the editorial process, but the main contents may be assigned to E. For hearkened unto my voicein E cf. Exodus 15:26; Exodus 18:24.

transgressed my covenant which I commanded Joshua 7:11? Rje, Joshua 23:16 D; cf. Joshua 7:15, Deu 17:2, 1 Kings 11:11; Jeremiah 34:18. The covenant inaugurated at Sinai, renewed at Shechem (Joshua 24:24-25), imposed obligations upon Israel which practically amounted to commands; hence Jehovah could be said to "command His covenant," i.e. the obligations involved in the covenant. Thus in Deuteronomy 4:13 the covenant is identified with the Decalogue, in ib. Deuteronomy 5:2-3it is followed by the Decalogue; cf. Deuteronomy 33:9 (" thy promise), Psalms 111:9.