The Lord be with your spirit. This is directed to Timothy. It takes on deep meaning when compared with 2 Timothy 1:7-8; 2 Timothy 1:14; 2 Timothy 2:1-3; 2 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 3:5. God's grace be with you all. Paul uses the plural form of "you" to include all who are with Timothy (the whole church), or at least those who stood firmly in the truth. Johnson adds: "Shortly after this Letter was written, within a few months at most, Paul had his second hearing, was sentenced to death by execution, was led out of the city at the Ostian Gate to a place called the Three Fountains, and was there beheaded. At least all early tradition [traditional history], and the Fathers, among them Clement, one of his companions, support this view.

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Old Testament