James 1:11

ἀνέτειλεν : the “gnomic” aorist, i.e., expressive of what always happens; it gives a “more vivid statement of general truths, by employing a distinct case or several distinct cases in the past to represent (as it were) all possible cases, and implying that what has occurred is likely to occur again under similar circumstances” (Moulton, p. 135, quoting Goodwin); he adds, “the gnomic aorist … need not have been denied by Winer for James 1:11 and 1 Peter 1:24 ”. The R.V. gives the present, in accordance with the English idiom, but clearly the Greek way is the more exact; the same applies to Hebrew, though this particular verb does not occur in the corresponding passage in either the Septuagint or the Massoretic text; an example may, however, be seen in Nahum 3:17. ὁ ἥλιος ἀνέτειλεν, καὶ ἀφήλατο, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς (see R.V.). σὺν τῷ καύσωνι : the east wind which came from the Syrian desert, it was a hot wind which parched the vegetation and blighted the foliage of the trees; the Hebrew name רוּחַ הַקָּדִים “the wind of the east,” or simply קָדִים, expresses the quarter whence it comes, the Greek καύσων, “burner,” describes its character, see Hosea 13:15; Ezekiel 17:10; it became especially dangerous when it developed into a storm, on account of its great violence, see Isaiah 27:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 27:26. ἐξέπεσεν : the equivalent Hebrew word is נָבֶל, which like the cognate root in other Semitic languages, contains the idea of dying, cf. Isaiah 24:4; Isaiah 26:19. εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ : pleonastic; προσ. is used mostly in reference to persons, e.g., in Sir. it occurs twenty-eight times, and only in two instances to things other than persons, viz., Sir 38:8, καὶ εἰρήνη παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐπὶ προσώπου τῆς γῆς [Hebrew marg., however reads מפני אדם]. Sir 40:6 … ἀπὸ προσώπου πολέμου [Hebrew text, however, מפני רודף]. εὐπρέπεια does not occur elsewhere in the N.T.; see Sir 47:10, its only occurrence in that book. ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ : see above James 1:8. μαρανθήσεται : only here in N.T.