AND YOU DID HE QUICKEN (κα υμας). The verb forDID HE QUICKEN does not occur till verse Ephesians 2:5 and then with ημας (us) instead of υμας (you). There is a like ellipsis or anacoluthon in Colossians 1:21; Colossians 1:22, only there is no change from υμας to ημας.WHEN YE WERE DEAD (οντας ν... [ Continue Reading ]
ACCORDING TO THE COURSE OF THIS WORLD (κατα τον αιωνα του κοσμου τουτου). Curious combinations of αιων (a period of time), κοσμος (the world in that period). See 1 Corinthians 1:20 for "this age" and 1 Corinthians 3:9 for "this world."THE PRINCE OF THE POWER OF THE AIR (τον αρχοντα της εξουσιας... [ Continue Reading ]
WE ALSO ALL (κα ημεις παντες). We Jews.ONCE LIVED (ανεστραφημεν ποτε). Second aorist passive indicative of αναστρεφω, old verb, to turn back and forth, to live (2 Corinthians 1:12). Cf. ποτε περιεπατησατε, of the Gentiles in verse Ephesians 2:2.THE DESIRES (τα θεληματα). Late and rare word ex... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT GOD (ο δε θεος). Change in the structure of the sentence here, resuming verse Ephesians 2:1 after the break.BEING RICH IN MERCY (πλουσιος ων εν ελεε). More than ελεημων (being merciful).WHEREWITH (ην). Cognate accusative with ηγαπησεν (loved).... [ Continue Reading ]
EVEN WHEN WE WERE DEAD (κα οντας ημας νεκρους). Repeats the beginning of verse Ephesians 2:1, but he changes υμας (you Gentiles) to ημας (us Jews).QUICKENED US TOGETHER WITH CHRIST (συνεζωοποιησεν τω Χριστω). First aorist active indicative of the double compound verb συνζωοποιεω as in Colossian... [ Continue Reading ]
IN CHRIST JESUS (εν Χριστω Ιησου). All the preceding turns on this phrase. See Colossians 3:1 for the word συνηγειρεν.MADE TO SIT WITH HIM (συνεκαθισεν). First aorist active indicative of συνκαθιζω, old causative verb, but in N.T. only here and Luke 22:55.... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT HE MIGHT SHEW (ινα ενδειξητα). Final clause with ινα and first aorist middle subjunctive of ενδεικνυμ. See Ephesians 1:7 for "riches of grace" and Ephesians 1:19 for "exceeding" (υπερβαλλον).IN KINDNESS TOWARD US (εν χρηστοτητ εφ' ημας). See Romans 2:7 for this word from χρηστος and that f... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR BY GRACE (τη γαρ χαριτ). Explanatory reason. "By the grace" already mentioned in verse Ephesians 2:5 and so with the article.THROUGH FAITH (δια πιστεως). This phrase he adds in repeating what he said in verse Ephesians 2:5 to make it plainer. "Grace" is God's part, "faith" ours.AND THAT ... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT NO MAN SHOULD GLORY (ινα μη τις καυχησητα). Negative final clause (ινα μη) with first aorist middle subjunctive of καυχαομα. It is all of God's grace.... [ Continue Reading ]
WORKMANSHIP (ποιημα). Old word from ποιεω with the ending -ματ meaning result. In N.T. only here and Revelation 1:20.CREATED (κτισθεντες). First aorist passive participle of κτιζω, not the original creation as in Colossians 1:16; Ephesians 3:9, but the moral and spiritual renewal in Christ, the... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE (διο). This conjunction applies to the Gentile Christians the arguments in Ephesians 2:1-10.THAT AFORETIME YE (οτ ποτε υμεις). No verb is expressed, but in verse Ephesians 2:12 Paul repeats οτ εν τω καιρω εκεινω (for ποτε) "that at that time" and inserts ητε (ye were).UNCIRCUMCISION... [ Continue Reading ]
SEPARATE FROM CHRIST (χωρις Χριστου). Ablative case with adverbial preposition χωρις, describing their former condition as heathen.ALIENATED FROM THE COMMONWEALTH OF ISRAEL (απηλλοτριωμενο της πολιτειας του Ισραηλ). Perfect passive participle of απαλλοτριοω, for which see Colossians 1:21. Here... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT NOW (νυν δε). Strong contrast, as opposed to "at that time."AFAR OFF (μακραν). Adverb (accusative feminine adjective with οδον understood). From the πολιτεια and its hope in God.ARE MADE NIGH (εγενηθητε εγγυς). First aorist passive indicative of γινομα, a sort of timeless aorist. Nigh to... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR HE IS OUR PEACE (αυτος γαρ εστιν η ειρηνη ημων). He himself, not just what he did (necessary as that was and is). He is our peace with God and so with each other (Jews and Gentiles).BOTH ONE (τα αμφοτερα εν). "The both" (Jew and Gentile). Jesus had said "other sheep I have which are not of... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING ABOLISHED (καταργησας). First aorist active participle of καταργεω, to make null and void.THE ENMITY (την εχθραν). But it is very doubtful if την εχθραν (old word from εχθρος, hostile, Luke 23:12) is the object of καταργησας. It looks as if it is in apposition with to μεσοτοιχον and so t... [ Continue Reading ]
AND MIGHT RECONCILE (κα αποκαταλλαξη). Final clause with ινα understood of first aorist active subjunctive of αποκαταλλασσω for which see Colossians 1:20; Colossians 1:22.THEM BOTH (τους αμφοτερους). "The both," "the two" (τους δυο), Jew and Gentile.IN ONE BODY (εν εν σωματ). The "one new man... [ Continue Reading ]
PREACHED PEACE (ευηγγελισατο ειρηνην). First aorist middle of ευαγγελιζω. "He gospelized peace" to both Jew and Gentile, "to the far off ones" (τοις μακραν) and "to the nigh ones" (τοις εγγυς). By the Cross and after the Cross Christ could preach that message.... [ Continue Reading ]
THROUGH HIM (δι' αυτου). Christ.WE BOTH (ο αμφοτερο). "We the both" (Jew and Gentile).OUR ACCESS (την προσαγωγην). The approach, the introduction as in Romans 5:2.IN ONE SPIRIT (εν εν πνευματ). The Holy Spirit.UNTO THE FATHER (προς τον πατερα). So the Trinity as in Ephesians 1:13. The Thr... [ Continue Reading ]
SO THEN (αρα ουν). Two inferential particles (accordingly therefore).NO MORE (ουκετ). No longer.SOJOURNERS (παροικο). Old word for dweller by (near by, but not in). So Acts 7:6; Acts 7:29; 1 Peter 2:11 (only other N.T. examples). Dwellers just outside the house or family of God.FELLOW-CITIZEN... [ Continue Reading ]
BEING BUILT UPON (εποικοδομηθεντες). First aorist passive participle of εποικοδομεω, for which double compound verb see 1 Corinthians 3:10; 1 Corinthians 2:17.THE FOUNDATION (επ τω θεμελιω). Repetition of επ with the locative case. See 1 Corinthians 3:11 for this word.OF THE APOSTLES AND PROPHE... [ Continue Reading ]
EACH SEVERAL BUILDING (πασα οικοδομη). So without article Aleph B D G K L. Οικοδομη is a late word from οικος and δεμω, to build for building up (edification) as in Ephesians 4:29, then for the building itself as here (Mark 13:1). Ordinary Greek idiom here calls for "every building," not for "all... [ Continue Reading ]
YE ALSO ARE BUILDED TOGETHER (κα υμεις συνοικοδομεισθε). Ye Gentiles also. Present passive indicative (continuous process) of common old verb συνοικοδομεω, to build together with others or out of varied materials as here. Only here in N.T. In 1 Peter 2:5 Peter uses οικοδομεισθε for the same proce... [ Continue Reading ]