He shewed me

(εδειξεν μο). The angel as in Revelation 21:9; Revelation 21:10 (cf. Revelation 1:1; Revelation 4:1). Now the interior of the city.A river of water of life

(ποταμον υδατος ζωης). For υδωρ ζωης (water of life) see Revelation 7:17; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:17; John 4:14. There was a river in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:10). The metaphor of river reappears in Zechariah 14:8; Ezekiel 47:9, and the fountain of life in Joel 3:18; Jeremiah 2:13; Proverbs 10:11; Proverbs 13:14; Proverbs 14:27; Proverbs 16:22; Psalms 36:10.Bright as crystal

(λαμπρον ως κρυσταλλον). See Revelation 4:6 for κρυσταλλον and Revelation 15:6; Revelation 19:8; Revelation 22:16 for λαμπρον. "Sparkling like rock crystal" (Swete), shimmering like mountain water over the rocks.Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb

(εκπορευομενον εκ του θρονου του θεου κα του αρνιου). Cf. Ezekiel 47:1; Zechariah 14:8. Already in Revelation 3:21 Christ is pictured as sharing the Father's throne as in Hebrews 1:3. See also Revelation 22:3. This phrase has no bearing on the doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit.

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Old Testament