Light has 'fruit' (Ephesians 5:9), but darkness has only 'fruitless works': cp. Galatians 5:19; Galatians 5:22. Rather reprove them] 'rather even expose them,' as light is sure to do. 'Reprove them' is hardly consistent with the context. In John 3:20; 'reproved' should be 'exposed': cp. 1 Corinthians 14:24. Things so shameful ought not to be passed over.

13. 'But all things when they are exposed by the light are made manifest; for whatsoever is made manifest is light.' Light turns darkness into light: this had happened to his readers (Ephesians 5:8).

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