Wars, etc.] There were three threats of war against the Jews by Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, as to the first of which Josephus remarks that the death of Caligula 'happened most happily for our nation in particular, which would have almost utterly perished, if he had not been suddenly slain.' There was also a war between Bardanes king of Parthia and Izates king of Adiabene, and between the same Izates and Bardanes' successor, Vologases. War was also continually threatened between Rome and Parthia. The end] according to the ordinary view is the end of the troubles, i.e. the fall of Jerusalem, not the end of the world.

7. Nation shall rise] i.e. there will be massacres and civil tumults. One fearful massacre happened at Seleucia on the Tigris, where dwelt three hostile nations, Greeks, Syrians, and Jews. The Greeks and Syrians joined together against their common enemies the Jews, and slew about 50,000 of them. Similarly at Cæsarea, in one hour's time about 20,000 Jews were massacred. Famines] Acts 11:28. The whole reign of Claudius (41-54 a.d.) was a time of great scarcity. Josephus mentions a famine in Palestine about 46 a.d. in which many died of starvation.

Pestilences] omitted by RV. Earthquakes] There was an unexampled number at this period devastating the provinces of Asia, Achaia, Syria, Macedonia, Campania, etc. Josephus mentions one in Palestine accompanied by 'amazing concussions and bellowings of the earth—a manifest indication that some destruction was coming upon men.'

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