Luke 10 - Introduction
CHAPTER 10. THE SEVENTY. THE GOOD SAMARITAN. MARTHA AND MARY.... [ Continue Reading ]
CHAPTER 10. THE SEVENTY. THE GOOD SAMARITAN. MARTHA AND MARY.... [ Continue Reading ]
μετὰ ταῦτα, after what has been narrated in Luke 9:51-62, but not necessarily implying close sequence. ἀνέδειξεν (ἀναδείκνυμι). The verb means (1) to lift up so as to show, _cf._ the noun in Luke 1:80; (2) to proclaim as elected, _cf._ Acts 1:24; (3) to elect, appoint, as here = _designavit_, Vulgat... [ Continue Reading ]
_The Seventy sent forth_, peculiar to Lk. Many questions have been raised as to this narrative, _e.g._, as to its historicity, as to the connection between the instructions to the new missionaries and those to the Twelve, and as to the time and place of their election, and the sphere of their missio... [ Continue Reading ]
ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς : preliminary statement as to the need of men fit to take part in the work of preaching the kingdom, as in Matthew 9:38, _vide_ notes there; a true _logion_ of Jesus, whensoever spoken.... [ Continue Reading ]
_The instructions_.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὑπάγετε, _go_, whither? Mt.'s version of the instructions to the Twelve says: not to Samaria, but to the lost sheep of Israel only; this omitted by Lk. with the one word, “go,” retained. ὡς ἄρνας, etc., as _lambs_ among wolves; sheep (πρόβατα) in Matthew 10:16; pathetic hint as to the helplessness o... [ Continue Reading ]
βαλάντιον, a purse, in Lk. only, in N. T.; often in classics, spelt there, as in MSS. of N. T., variously with one or two λς. μηδένα ἀσπάσησθε : salute no one, to be taken in the spirit rather than in the letter; hyperbolical for: be exclusively intent on your business: “negotio quod imposui vobis i... [ Continue Reading ]
πρῶτον λέγετε : the first word to be spoken, _peace_, speech on the things of the kingdom to be prepared for by courteous, kindly salutations. A sympathetic heart is the best guide in pastoral visitation. The first word should not be: how is it with your soul?... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐπαναπαήσεται ([98] [99]), a form of the 2nd fut. ind. passive, probably belonging to the spoken Greek of the period. Again in Revelation 14:13. ἀνακάμψει : in any case the good wish will not be lost. If there be no “son of peace” in the house to receive it, it will come back with a blessing to the... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ οἰκίᾳ : verbally distinct from ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ, etc., but really meaning the same thing = “in that same house,” R. V [100] τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν, eating and drinking _the meat and drink which belong to them_, as if they were your own: _libere et velut vestro jure_, Grotius. ἄξιος γὰρ assigns the reaso... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα : not a repetition. It means, be contented with your fare: _contenti este quamvis frugali apparatu_, Bengel. Holtz. (H. C.) thinks Lk. has in view heathen houses, and that the meaning is: put aside Jewish scruples.... [ Continue Reading ]
The functions of the missionaries briefly indicated = heal the sick, and announce that the kingdom is at their doors (ἤγγικεν).... [ Continue Reading ]
Direction how to act in case of churlish treatment. ἐξελθόντες εἰς τὰς πλατείας α. Lk. expresses the action so as to make it vivid for Gentile readers to whom the symbolic significance of the act was not familiar = go out of the inhospitable houses into the streets, and then solemnly wipe off the du... [ Continue Reading ]
_Woe to thee, Chorasin_ (Matthew 11:21-24). While the terms in which the woes on the cities of Galilee are reported are nearly identical in Mt. and Lk., the connections in which they are given are different. In Mt. the connection is very general. The woes simply find a place in a collection of moral... [ Continue Reading ]
= Matthew 10:40-41, only Mt. emphasises and expands the positive side, while Lk. with the positive presents, and with special emphasis, the negative (ὁ ἀθετῶν ὑμᾶς, etc.).... [ Continue Reading ]
καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια, _even_ the demons, subject to our power; more than they had expected or been promised, hence their exultation (μετὰ χαρᾶς).... [ Continue Reading ]
_Return of the Seventy_. No such report of the doings of the Twelve, and of their Master's congratulations, is given in any of the Gospels (_cf._ Mark 6:30-31). It seems as if Lk. attached more importance to the later mission, as Baur accused him of doing under the influence of theological tendency... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐθεώρουν : their report was no news to Jesus. While they were working He saw Satan falling. There has been much discussion as to what is meant by this fall, and why it is referred to. It has been identified with the fall of the angels at the beginning of the world, with the Incarnation, with the tem... [ Continue Reading ]
reminds one of Mark 16:18. τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, the enemy, Satan. οὐδὲν, may be either nominative or accusative = either, “nothing shall in any wise hurt you,” R. V [101], or “in no respect shall he (the enemy) hurt you”. [101] Revised Version.... [ Continue Reading ]
πλὴν has adversative force here = yet, nevertheless. The joy of the Seventy was in danger of becoming overjoy, running into self-importance; hence the warning word, which is best understood in the light of St. Paul's doctrine of the Holy Spirit, which laid much more stress on the _ethical_ than on t... [ Continue Reading ]
_The exultation of Jesus_ (Matthew 11:25-27). The setting in Mt. gives to this great devotional utterance of Jesus a tone of resignation in connection with the apparent failure of His ministry. Here, connected with the fall of Satan, it has a tone of triumph (ἠγαλλιάσατο). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ : i... [ Continue Reading ]
is almost _verbatim_, as in Matthew 11:25, only that Lk. has ἀπέκρυψας for Mt.'s ἔκρυψας.... [ Continue Reading ]
This part of the devotional utterance, setting forth Christ's faith in the purpose of His Father and the intimate fellowship subsisting between Father and Son, appears in some texts of Lk. as a declaration made to the disciples (στραφεὶς πρὸς τ. μ. α., T. R.). The gesture implies that a solemn state... [ Continue Reading ]
στραφεὶς : a second impressive gesture, if that in Luke 10:22 be retained, implying that Jesus now more directly addresses the disciples. But the first στραφεὶς is altogether doubtful. εἶπε : the word, spoken κατʼ ἰδίαν to the disciples, is substantially = Matthew 13:16, there referring to the happi... [ Continue Reading ]
ἀνέστη, stood up; from this expression and the present tense of ἀναγινώσκεις, how readest thou _now?_ it has been conjectured that the scene may have been a synagogue. τί ποιήσας : the νομικός, like the ἄρχων of Luke 18:18, is professedly in quest of eternal life.... [ Continue Reading ]
_The lawyer's question, and the parable of the good Samaritan_. Many critics (even Weiss, Mk.-Evang., p. 400) think that Lk. or his source has got the theme of this section from Matthew 22:35 ff., Mark 12:28 ff., and simply enriched it with the parable of the good Samaritan, peculiar to him. Leaving... [ Continue Reading ]
τί γέγραπ., πῶς ἀναγιν., how stands it written? how readest thou? double question with a certain _empressement_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Lk. here puts into the mouth of the lawyer an answer combining as co-ordinate the religious and the ethical, which in the later incident reported in Matthew 22:34-40; Mark 12:28-34, is ascribed to Jesus. The unity of these interests is, as Holtz. (H. C.) remarks, the achievement and characteristic o... [ Continue Reading ]
δικαιῶσαι ἑ., to keep up his character as a righteous man, concerned in all things to do his duty. Hence his desire for a definition of “neighbour,” which was an elastic term. Whether Lk. thinks of him as guilty of evasion and chicanery is doubtful. It was not his way to put the worst construction o... [ Continue Reading ]
_The story of the good Samaritan_, commonly called a parable, but really not such in the strict sense of natural things used as vehicle of spiritual truth; an example rather than a symbol; the first of several “parables” of this sort in Lk. ἄνθρωπός τις : probably a Jew, but intentionally not so cal... [ Continue Reading ]
κατὰ συγκυρίαν (συγκυρία, from συνκυρέω), rare, late Greek = κατὰ συντυχίαν (Hesychius, συγκυρία, συντυχία), by chance; the probabilities against succour being at hand just when sorely wanted; still more improbable that three possibilities of succour should meet just there and then. But the supposit... [ Continue Reading ]
ὁμοίως Λευίτης ἀντιπ., likewise a Levite … passed by, the repetition of ἀντιπαρῆλθεν has a rhetorical monotony suggestive of the idea: such the way of the world to pass by, “in nine cases out of ten that is what you may expect” (_The Parabolic Teaching of Christ_, p. 348).... [ Continue Reading ]
Σαμαρείτης, a Samaritan: will he _a fortiori_ pass by? No, he does not, that the surprise and the point of the story. The unexpected happens. ὁδεύων, here only in N. T., making a journey, presumably longer than from Jerusalem to Jericho, fully equipped for a long journey (Hahn), and so in possession... [ Continue Reading ]
κατέδησε, ἐπιχέων : both technical terms in medicine. ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον : not separately, but mixed; in use among Greeks and Romans as well as Jews (Wetstein). κτῆνος = κτῆμα from κτάομαι, generally a _property_, and specially a domestic animal: one's beast. πανδοχεῖον (in classics πανδοκ.), a place... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐκβαλὼν, casting out (of his girdle or purse). δύο δην., two “pence,” small sum, but enough for the present; will pay whatever more is needed; known in the inn, and known as a trusty man to the innkeeper (τῷ πανδοκεῖ). ὅτι ἂν, etc.: the speech of a man who in turn trusts the host, and has no fear of... [ Continue Reading ]
Application of the story. γεγονέναι : which of the three seems to you to have _become_ neighbour by neighbourly action? neighbour is who neighbour does.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὁ ποιήσας, etc. If the lawyer was captious to begin with he is captious no longer. He might have been, for his question had not been directly (though very radically) answered. But the moral pathos of the “parable” has appealed to his better nature, and he quibbles no longer. But the prejudice of his... [ Continue Reading ]
ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι, in continuation of the wandering whose beginning is noted at Luke 9:52; when, where, not indicated. εἰς κώμην τινά : either not known, or the name deemed of no importance. When it is stated that He (αὐτὸς) (Jesus) came to this village it is not implied that He was alone, though no... [ Continue Reading ]
_Martha and Mary_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Μαρία, socially subordinate (inferrible from the manner of reference), though the spiritual heroine of the tale. ἣ καὶ : the force of the καὶ is not clear, and has been variously explained. Grotius regards it as simply an otiose addition to the relative. Bornemann takes it = _adeo_ = to such an exte... [ Continue Reading ]
ἡ δὲ Μάρ., but Martha, δὲ as if μὲν had gone before where καὶ is = Mary on the one hand sat, etc., Martha on the other, etc. περιεσπᾶτο, was distracted, over-occupied, as if the visit had been unexpected, and the guests numerous. In use from Xenophon down. In Polybius with τῇ διανοίᾳ added. Holtzman... [ Continue Reading ]
θορυβάζῃ (from θόρυβος, an uproar; τυρβάζῃ T. R., from τύρβη, similar in meaning, neither form again in N. T.), thou art bustled, gently spoken and with a touch of pity. περὶ πολλά : a great day in that house. Every effort made to entertain Jesus worthily of Him and to the credit of the house.... [ Continue Reading ]
ὀλίγων δέ ἐστιν χρεία ἢ ἑνός. With this reading the sense is: there is need of few things (material); then, with a pause or rather of one thing (spiritual). Thus Jesus passes, as was His wont, easily and swiftly from the natural to the spiritual. The notion that it was beneath the dignity of Jesus t... [ Continue Reading ]