John 18:40

Cried [ε κ ρ α υ γ α σ α ν]. Peculiarly of a loud, importunate cry; a shout. Plato uses it of the howling of a dog : "The yelping hound, howling [κ ρ α υ γ α ζ ο υ σ α] at her Lord" (" Republic, " 607). Others, of the cries of spectators in the theaters and of the croak of a raven. See on Matthew 14:22.

Again. Assuming John's recollection of a previous "crying out," which he has not recorded.

Robber [λ η σ τ η ς]. See on Matthew 26:55; Mark 11:17; Luke 10:30. Matt. calls him a "notable prisoner" (xxvii. 16). Mark states that he had made insurrection, and had committed murder (xv. 7), speaking of the insurrection as a well - known event. Luke says, "for some insurrection (stasin tina) that had arisen in the city, and for murder" (xxiii. 19). Writing for Gentiles, Luke would not refer to the event as something familiar. Bandits of this kind were numerous in the neighborhood of Jerusalem under the Roman dominion. Their leaders were well known. Josephus describes them by the same word which Matthew uses, ejpishmoi, notable. Their depredations were often committed under patriotic pretenses, so that Barabas might have had influential friends among the people. :John 19

CHAPTER XIX

1 - 3. Compare Matthew 27:26-30; Mark 14:15-19.