1 Peter 2:19

f. Summary application of the teaching of Jesus recorded in Luke 6:27-36 = Matthew 5:39-48. χάρις seems to be an abbreviation of the O.T. idiom to find favour (תן) with God cf. χάρις παρὰ θεῷ (20) taken from St. Luke's version of the saying, εἰ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἔστιν (Luke 6:32). Compare χάριτας = רצון that which is acceptable in Proverbs 10:32. διὰ συνείδησιν θεοῦ (i.) because God is conscious of your condition (θεοῦ subjective genitive), a reproduction of thy Father which seeth that which is hidden … (Matthew 6:4, etc.); so συνείδ. in definite philosophical sense of conscience is usually followed by possessive genitive OR (2.) because you are conscious of God (θ. objective genitive), cf. σ. ἁμαρτίας, Hebrews 10:2. The latter construction is preferable: the phrase interprets διὰ τὸν κύριον with the help of the Pauline expression διὰ τὴν ς. (Romans 13:5; 1 Corinthians 10:25) employed in the same context. πάσχων ἀδίκως, emphatic. Peter has to take account of the possibility which Jesus ignored, that Christians might deserve persecution; cf. 1 Peter 2:20; 1 Peter 2:25. ποῖον κλέος, what praise rather than what kind of reputation (κλ. neutral as in Thuc. 2:45) cf. ποία χάρις τίνα μισθόν, (only twice in Job in LXX) corresponds to ἔπαινος above: χάρις παρὰ θεῷ shows that the praise of the Master who reads the heart is intended. κολαφιζόμενοι, from description of the Passion, Mark 14:65, ἤρξαντό τινες … κολαφίζειν αὐτόν, cf. Matthew 5:39, ὅστις σε ῥαπίζει. So also St. Paul recalls the parallel between Christ's and the Chrstians' sufferings (1 Corinthians 4:11) κολαφιζόμεθα. ἀγαθοποιοῦντες, opposed to ἁμαρτάνοντες, explains ἀδίκως (19). χάρις, see on 10. 1 Peter 2:19.