Êxodo 5:6

Taskmasters... officers. — Three grades of officials are mentioned as employed in superintending the forced labours of the Hebrews — (1) “lords of service” (sarey massim), in Êxodo 1:11; (2) “taskmasters” (nogeshim), here and in Êxodo 5:10; Êxodo 5:13; and (3) “officers” — literally, scribes (shoterim), here and in Êxodo 5:11. The “lords of service” were probably a small body who exercised a general superintendence, and determined the works in which the Hebrews should be employed. They were, no doubt, native Egyptians. The nogeshim, or “taskmasters,” were their subordinates — Egyptians like themselves — comparatively numerous, and serving as intermediaries between the “lords” and the “officers.” These last were Hebrews, and engaged mainly in keeping the tale of the bricks, and seeing that the proper number was reached. Such an organisation is consonant with all that we know of the Egyptian governmental system, which was bureaucratic and complex, involving in every department the employment of several grades of officials.