Jeremias 31:9

They shall come with weeping... — The present version agrees with the Hebrew punctuation, but a slight change would give, They shall come with weeping and with supplications; I will lead them; I will cause them to walk... The procession of those whom the prophet sees with his mental eye is that of those who weep tears of sorrow for the past, of joy for the present, and pour out prayers for the future. Of this we have a partial fulfilment in the memorable and touching scene brought before us in Esdras 3:12. A hand which they do not see shall lead them by the “rivers of waters,” both literally and figuratively. (Comp. Isaías 35:7; Isaías 43:19; Isaías 48:21; Isaías 49:10, for like promises.)

Ephraim is my firstborn. — Ephraim stands here, as often elsewhere (e.g., Oséias 11:3; Oséias 11:12; Oséias 13:1; Oséias 13:12) for the whole northern kingdom of the Ten Tribes, of which it was the most conspicuous member. The term “firstborn” is used, as an echo of Êxodo 4:22, as marking out Ephraim as the object of the special favour of Jehovah, the birthright of Reuben having been transferred to the sons of Joseph (1 Crônicas 5:1). The prominence of Ephraim over the other tribes is conspicuous throughout the whole history (Juízes 12:1). The prophet apparently recognised it as taking its place once more in the restored unity of the people, when the king should be of the house of David, Jerusalem the centre of worship, Ephraim the leading tribe. (Comp. the contemporary prophecy of Ezequiel 37:19.) It is not without interest to note how the northern prophet looks to Judah as more faithful than Ephraim (Oséias 11:12), while Jeremiah turns from the sins of the princes and priests of Judah to look with hope on the remnant of Israel.