Leviticus 11:1

_AND THE LORD SPAKE UNTO MOSES AND TO AARON, SAYING UNTO THEM,_ The Lord spake unto Moses and to Aaron. These laws being addressed to both the civil and ecclesiastical rulers in Israel, may serve to indicate the twofold view that is to be taken of them. Undoubtedly the first and strongest reason for instituting a distinction among meats was to discourage the Israelites from spreading into other countries, and from general contact with the world-to prevent them acquiring familiarity with the inhabitants of the countries bordering on Caanan, so as to fall into their idolatries, or be contaminated with their vices; in short, to keep them a distinct and special people, by raising a broad and impassable wall of opposite customs. To this purpose no difference of creed, no system of polity, no diversity of language or manners was so subservient as a distinction of meats, founded on religion; a...

CHAPTER XI _Laws concerning_ clean _and_ unclean _animals_, 1, 2. _Of_ QUADRUPEDS, _those are_ clean _which_ divide the hoof _and_ chew the cud, 3. _Those to be reputed_ unclean _which do not divide the hoof_, _though they chew the cud_, 4-6. _Those to be reputed unclean also which, though they divide the_ _hoof, do not chew the cud_, 7. _Whosoever eats their flesh, or touches their carcasses, shall_ _be reputed unclean_, 8. _Of_ FISH, _those are clean, and may be eaten which have_ fins _and_

Yahweh speaks to Moses and Aaron conjointly. (Compare Leviticus 13:1; Leviticus 15:1.) The high priest, in regard to the legal purifications, is treated as co-ordinate with the legislator....

PART III UNCLEANNESS, CEREMONIAL AND MORAL: ITS REMOVAL OR ITS PUNISHMENT SECTION I EXPOSITION THE two preceding parts having made manifest the way of approach to God by means of sacrifice and the appointed priesthood of mediation, there follows a part having for its subject that which keeps man apart from God, namely, uncleanness, whether ceremonial uncleanness, which may be removed by ceremonial observances, or moral uncleanness, that is, unrighteousness, which, so far as it is a ceremonial offense, may be also dealt with ceremonially, but in respect to its moral character demands punishment. This part consists of four sections. The _first _section, comprising chapters 11-15, treats of ceremonial uncleanness, caused...

AND THE LORD SPAKE UNTO MOSES, AND UNTO AARON,.... The one being the chief magistrate, and the other the high priest, and both concerned to see the following laws put into execution; according to Jarchi, the Lord spoke to Moses that he might speak to Aaron; but being now in office, and one part of his office being to distinguish between clean and unclean, the following discourse is directed equally to him as to Moses: SAYING UNTO THEM; as follows....

III. HOLINESS DEMANDED 1. The Clean and the Unclean CHAPTER 11 _ 1. Concerning the beasts on the earth (Leviticus 11:1)_ 2. Concerning things in the water (Leviticus 11:9) 3. Concerning flying and creeping things (Leviticus 11:13) 4. Concerning defilement with dead bodies (Leviticus 11:24) The Chapter s which form the third section of Leviticus are by some taken to give evidence that not Moses, but another person arranged the material of the book. Even men who do not deny the inspiration of the book claim that the hand of a redactor is here discovered. In their opi

FIRST PROHIBITION. Animals, etc., not allowed for food. The test is, Is it cloven-footed, and does it chew the cud? For fishes, Has it fins and scales? No test of this nature can be given for birds; leaping insects are clean, insects which only fly, unclean. The tests, especially the first, are clearly artificial and not original; _e.g._ in the case of swine. Undoubtedly, in primitive thought, each species, allowed or banned, is classed on its merits; but later legislators would naturally be puzzled by the apparent caprice, and desire to find some principle. Leviticus 11:5. Coney, as RVm (Proverbs 30:26 *). Leviticus 11:13. Eagle denotes the majestic and abundant carrion vulture, t

THE LORD. Hebrew. _Jehovah._ App-4. SPAKE. See note on Leviticus 5:14....

THE LAWS OF PURIFICATION These laws suitably follow chs. 8 10 which record the consecration of the priests. As sacrifice was the principal element in that consecration, the laws of sacrifice (chs. 1 7) appropriately _precede_the account of the inauguration of the worship in chs. 8 10. One of the chief duties of the priests was -to put difference between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean" (Leviticus 10:10); instructions for putting this difference appropriately _follow_the account in chs. 8 10. These laws may be divided into two groups: (1) those in ch. 11, which relate to food and contact with the carcases of animals; (2) those in chs. 12 15, concerning the uncleanness of persons, garments, furniture, and houses....

AND THE LORD SPAKE UNTO MOSES—SAYING— The use of wine having been forbidden the priests, that they might be able, at all times, to distinguish between clean and unclean, ch. Leviticus 10:10 a more particular account of such distinctions is given in the following Chapter s. In this chapter the sacred writer treats of unclean _meats:_ in the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th, of unclean _persons, garments,_ and _dwellings;_ in the 17th of the principal sacrifice, whereby all manner of _uncleanness_ was to be expiated: and then, having mentioned some general laws, he resumes the same subject at the end of the 17th chapter; the 18th treats of unclean _marriages:_ and after a repetition of sundry laws in the 19th, the 20th treats of some _greater_ uncleannesses; the 21st, of _priests_ who were unclean; and the 22nd, of _sacrifices_ not fit to be offered....