Leviticus 11:18

_AND THESE ARE THEY WHICH YE SHALL HAVE IN ABOMINATION AMONG THE FOWLS; THEY SHALL NOT BE EATEN, THEY ARE AN ABOMINATION: THE EAGLE, AND THE OSSIFRAGE, AND THE OSPRAY,_ These are they ... abomination among the fowls. All birds of prey are particularly ranked in the class unclean-all those which feed on flesh and carrion; no less than 20 species of birds-all probably then known-are mentioned under this category; and the inference follows, that all which are not mentioned were allowed-that is, fowls which subsist on vegetable substances. From our imperfect knowledge of the natural history of Palestine, Arabia, and the contiguous countries, it is not easy to determine exactly what some of the prohibited birds are; although they must have been all well known among the people to whom these laws were given. THE EAGLE, х_ HANESHER_ (H5404)] - the golden eagle, which is the chief species (Ges...

Verse Leviticus 11:18. _THE SWAN_] תנשמת _tinshemeth_. The Septuagint translate the word by πορφυριωνα, the _porphyrion, purple_ or _scarlet_ bird. Could we depend on this translation, we might suppose the _flamingo_ or some such bird to be intended. Some suppose the _goose_ to be meant, but this is by no means likely, as it cannot be classed either among _ravenous_ or _unclean_ fowls. _Bochart_ thinks the _owl_ is meant. _THE PELICAN_] קאת _kaath_. As קאת _kaah_ signifies to _vomit up_, the name is supposed to be descriptive of the _pelican_, who receives its food into the _pouch_ under its lower jaw, and, by pressing it on its breast with its bill, _throws_ it up for the nourishment of its young. Hence the fable which represents the pelican wounding her breast with her bi

As far as they can be identified, the birds here mentioned are such as live upon animal food. They were those which the Israelites might have been tempted to eat, either from their being easy to obtain, or from the example of other nations, and which served as types of the entire range of prohibited kinds. Leviticus 11:13 THE EAGLE - Rather, the great vulture, which the Egyptians are known to have ranked as the first among birds. Compare 2 Samuel 1:23; Psalms 103:5; Proverbs 23:5, etc. The Ossifrage, or bone-breaker, was t

PART III UNCLEANNESS, CEREMONIAL AND MORAL: ITS REMOVAL OR ITS PUNISHMENT SECTION I EXPOSITION THE two preceding parts having made manifest the way of approach to God by means of sacrifice and the appointed priesthood of mediation, there follows a part having for its subject that which keeps man apart from God, namely, uncleanness, whether ceremonial uncleanness, which may be removed by ceremonial observances, or moral uncleanness, that is, unrighteousness, which, so far as it is a ceremonial offense, may be also dealt with ceremonially, but in respect to its moral character demands punishment. This part consists of four sections. The _first _section, comprising chapters 11-15, treats of ceremonial uncleanness, caused...

AND THE SWAN,.... This is a bird well known to us, but it is a question whether it is intended by the word here used; for though it is so rendered in the Vulgate Latin, it is differently rendered by many others: the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem call it "otia", which seems to be the same with the "otus" of Aristotle n, who says it is like an owl, having a tuft of feathers about its ears (from whence it has its name); and some call it "nycticorax", or the owl; and here, by Bochart o, and others, the owl called "noctua" is thought to be meant; and with which agrees the account some Jewish writers give of it, as Aben Ezra and Baal Hatturim, who say it is a bird, which every one that sees is astonished at it, as other birds are at the owl, are frightened at the sight of it, and stupefied. But as the same word is used Leviticus 11:30 among the creeping things, for a mole, what Jarchi obs

III. HOLINESS DEMANDED 1. The Clean and the Unclean CHAPTER 11 _ 1. Concerning the beasts on the earth (Leviticus 11:1)_ 2. Concerning things in the water (Leviticus 11:9) 3. Concerning flying and creeping things (Leviticus 11:13) 4. Concerning defilement with dead bodies (Leviticus 11:24) The Chapter s which form the third section of Leviticus are by some taken to give evidence that not Moses, but another person arranged the material of the book. Even men who do not deny the inspiration of the book claim that the hand of a redactor is here discovered. In their opi

FIRST PROHIBITION. Animals, etc., not allowed for food. The test is, Is it cloven-footed, and does it chew the cud? For fishes, Has it fins and scales? No test of this nature can be given for birds; leaping insects are clean, insects which only fly, unclean. The tests, especially the first, are clearly artificial and not original; _e.g._ in the case of swine. Undoubtedly, in primitive thought, each species, allowed or banned, is classed on its merits; but later legislators would naturally be puzzled by the apparent caprice, and desire to find some principle. Leviticus 11:5. Coney, as RVm (Proverbs 30:26 *). Leviticus 11:13. Eagle denotes the majestic and abundant carrion vulture, t

SWAN, not our swan: it is variously rendered "ibis", "bat", "heron", and "pelican". PELICAN: or vomiting pelican. GIER EAGLE: or little vulture. Hebrew "the merciful"....

Leviticus 11:1-23 [51]. The Distinction between Clean and Unclean Food [51] For the sources from which this ch. comes, and its relation from a critical point of view to Deuteronomy 14:3 ff. see App. I (_c_), pp. 162 f. One principle underlying this distinction appears to have been that animals which were recognised as in any way objects of worship by heathen neighbours, or even supposed by them to be connected with unseen supernatural beings, were to be considered unclean. See Bertholet in _KHC._, introd. note to this ch. But in other cases the prohibition probably rested on the animal's repulsive appearance or uncleanly habits, or on sanitary or totemistic grounds. See Driver, _Deut._p. 164, and Rob.-Sm. _OTJC_. 2 p. 366. A list of animals which may and ma

AND THE SWAN— It is very difficult to determine the true meaning of the word תנשׁמת _tinshamet,_ here rendered _swan,_ as in the 30th verse it is applied to _reptiles,_ and rendered _mole._ Parkhurst, thinking that it is derived from נשׁם _neshem,_ to _breathe,_ says, that it here signifies a species of _owl,_ so called from their _breathing_ in a strong and audible manner, as if snoring: and that in Leviticus 11:30 it signifies the _camelion,_ an animal of the lizard kind, furnished with lungs remarkably large, and so observable from its manner of _breathing,_ or perpetually _gasping,_ as it were, for breath, that the ancients reigned it to live only from the air; see Bochart, vol. 2: Some, however, suppose, that it here means the _bat,_ between which and the _mole_ there is an affinity. The _gier-eagle,_ in this ver