Êxodo 29:19-26
Comentário de Peter Pett sobre a Bíblia
O Carneiro da Consagração e as Ofertas de Cereais ( Êxodo 29:19 ).
O pecado foi tratado e a auto-dedicação e adoração foram oferecidas, a consagração agora continua.
“And you shall take the other ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram, then you shall kill the ram, and take of its blood and put it on the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hand, and on the great toe of their right foot, and cast the blood on the altar round about. And you shall take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron and on his clothing, and on his sons, and on the clothing of his sons with him, and he shall be sanctified, and his clothing, and his sons, and his sons' clothing with him.”
This offering bears the signs of being a Peace Offering (Êxodo 29:28 compare Levítico 3:1 with its similarities), although certainly an unusual one. Again identification is made with the beast by the laying on of hands, and the blood is shed, but this time the blood is applied differently.
Instead of being applied to the horns, the upper extremity of the altar, it is applied to the extremities of the offerer, the ear (the highest bare extremity, the head is covered), the thumb (the outer extremity) and the big toe (the lowest extremity). The idea is to stress that the whole of the man is involved. It may also well be that the idea is that the ear, which is to hear the voice of God, the hand which is to do His will, and the foot that is to walk in His ways, are also in mind, and to be seen as dedicated to Yahweh.
The applying of the shed blood stresses that they are now cleansed and consecrated to Yahweh. The same blood is then offered to Yahweh by being cast at the foot of the altar, emphasising that the life has been given and the blood has been shed.
But then the blood is taken and mingled with the anointing oil and these are sprinkled on Aaron and his sons, and all their clothing. The purpose is both to cleanse them and to sanctify them and their clothing, to set them apart to Yahweh as holy and for His use. Thus are they made at peace with God. The oil demonstrates that they are fully dedicated to Yahweh for His will, and the blood that they are fully cleansed for this purpose.
Sprinkling always indicates complete and total application. The stress on their clothing is because these are the holy garments of the priests which will enter the Sanctuary. They too must therefore be cleansed and dedicated to Yahweh. And because the clothes will, as it were, last through the generations in that form, it is a dedication and cleansing of all who are to come who will one day wear the ‘same' clothing (Êxodo 29:29).
It is probable that this is the anointing of the sons of Aaron mentioned in Êxodo 28:41; Êxodo 30:30. No other anointing is necessary for them, and by it they partake in the previous anointing of Aaron (Êxodo 29:7).
“And you shall take of the ram the fat, and the fat tail, and the fat that covers the inwards, and the caul of the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and the right thigh. For it is a ram of consecration.”
As always these are to be burned up and offered to Yahweh (Êxodo 29:25). They are seen as ‘the fat of the land', the very best. All parts that might be used wrongly for divination are also offered. And the offering of them all is an act of consecration.
“E um pão, e um pão untado com azeite e uma hóstia, do cesto de pães ázimos que está perante o Senhor, e tudo porás nas mãos de Arão e de seus filhos, e os moverás como oferta movida perante o Senhor; e os tomarás das mãos deles e os queimarás sobre o altar em todo o holocausto, em cheiro suave perante o Senhor. É uma oferta queimada ao Senhor. ”
Juntamente com a gordura e seus acompanhamentos, um pão sem fermento, um bolo de pão amassado com azeite e uma hóstia (ver Êxodo 29:2 ) devem ser tomados, e tudo deve ser colocado nas mãos de Arão e seus filhos e devem ser acenados perante o Senhor. Isso enfatiza que eles são uma oferta a Ele, uma oferta movida.
Provavelmente devemos ver que Moisés faz com que suas mãos movam as ofertas diante de Deus, pois ele está realizando todas as atividades de sacrifício e, portanto, está capacitando-os a realizar seu primeiro ato como sacerdotes. (Este pode ser o 'enchimento da mão' de Êxodo 29:8 , seu símbolo de ofício). Então as ofertas de cereais devem ser tomadas por Moisés e queimadas no altar em cima de toda a oferta queimada anteriormente oferecida. Isso também agrada a Yahweh e é deleitoso para ele. É uma oferta queimada ao Senhor.
“E tomarás o peito do carneiro da consagração de Arão, e o moverás como oferta movida perante o Senhor, e isso será a tua porção.”
Notamos a maneira constante pela qual Aarão é enfatizado mesmo contra seus filhos ( Êxodo 29:9 ; Êxodo 29:15 ; Êxodo 29:19 ; Êxodo 29:24 ). Aqui está o 'carneiro da consagração de Aarão'. A consagração de Aarão é o elemento principal, seus filhos estão simplesmente sendo consagrados junto com ele. O sacerdócio essencial está sendo estabelecido.
Também notamos a parte de Moisés em tudo isso. Ele está desempenhando todas as funções sacerdotais, e isso é enfatizado pelo fato de que ele deve receber aqui a porção do sacerdote. O peito principal do carneiro deve ser tomado, acenado diante de Yahweh para demonstrar que é Dele, e então aceito por Moisés como um presente de Yahweh (como normalmente acontece com a oferta pacífica).